Vark analyis paper

Learning Styles This paper will explore the kinesthetic learning style identified by the VARK questionnaire. This paper will look into the dentified characteristics of a kinesthetic learner as well as the dfferent learning and studying strategies that can make the kinesthetic learner successful. Preferred Learning Style: Kinesthetic learning Is a style of learning that Is based on being actively Involved In the learning process. Kinesthetic learners use all five senses to be able to grasp Ideas and retain the Information that is being taught.The kinesthetic learning style nables the learner to learn material by â€Å"doing† such as with â€Å"hands on activity. It is essential that these learners have activity involved in their education. Kinesthetic learners have to be active participants in their learning in order to retain taught information. â€Å"Kinesthetic learners need to move around and work with ideas. They need to be touching or doing things that pertain to the ma terial being taught. Kinesthetic learners sometimes have difficulty sitting still in class and Just listening as they are â€Å"hands on learners†. The more actively you are Involved in doing a skill, the better you learn It.The more skin and muscles you use, the better you remember. Even small motions that seem unrelated to the activity help these learners to understand materiel. Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing or experiencing the Information being sought out. The more senses you can Involve In learning, the better you will remember it. † (Nelson, 2013) Preferred Learning Strategies: Kinesthetic learners do well with labs, demonstration, field trips and hands on experiences. The kinesthetic learner should attempt to take the concepts that are being taught and convert those ideas into â€Å"real† experiences.With the use of case studies and applications this can assist the kinesthetic learner to retain taught information as well as help with recall of in formation at a later on time. Learning tools that benefit the Kinesthetic learner include: being comfortable, kinesthetic learners are comfortable with studying in places such as a comfortable chair or sitting on the floor; listening to music or the TV, kinesthetic learners do study well while listening to music or with the television on as this allows them to use the hearing sense; also allowing room to move, kinesthetic learners need room to move round and change posltlons while studying.Preferred and Identified Learning Strategies: similarities are numerous. The author of this paper is a kinesthetic learner. The author prefers to understand an idea through â€Å"hands† on experience. The VARK learning strategies mirror the author's preferred learning strategies. The ability of the learner to have self-assurance in their studies is increased once the learner has identified and put into practice learning strategies that work best for them. Changes Needed in Study Habits: As stated previously, kinesthetic learners will flourish in an environment that is onducive to active participation by the learner.With that said kinesthetic learners must learn to adapt methods of study and learning to be successful in other learning environments. These environments can include online learning and lecture halls. Changes in study habits that can benefit the kinesthetic learner include practicing how to take organized notes during a lecture or online discussion. This â€Å"practice† can enable the learner to utilize one of their strengths. Also, practicing Strategies from other learning styles such as recording and re-listening to a lecture at a later time ay help the learner to make information more concrete.VARK Learning Style Analysis Summary: The VARK learning style analysis assists not only the teacher but the student as well to identify different learning styles. The VARK learning analysis identifies five different learning styles: visual, aural, reading/wr iting, kinesthetic, and multimodal. â€Å"Visual learners learn best by seeing. Things such as charts, diagrams, illustrations and handouts are beneficial learning tools for this type of learner. Visual learners prefer to see information in a visual form. Auditory learners (Aural) learn by hearing information.

Differences In Formal And Informal Learning Techniques Education Essay

When an teacher enters into a category room, he or she must cognize the learning abilities of his/ her pupils. That is how they seek information, how they process information and how the information can go meaningful to them. The first portion of this study discuses the acquisition and development scheme and differences in formal and informal acquisition manner in item. This study besides includes four acquisition manner in Honey and Mumford theoretical account in item. The 2nd portion of the study consists of motive theory called Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This study outlines the five degrees of demands that are physiological demands, safety demands, societal demands, esteem demands and self realization demands. At the terminal there is a unfavorable judgment on the theory and its deduction on HR patterns that top direction can utilize Maslow theory to actuate their employees.Table of Content4 Learning and Development Strategy 4 Differences in formal and informal acquisition techniques 5 Honey and Mumford acquisition manner 5 Militants 5 Reflectors 5 Theorists 6 Pragmatists 7 Activities that form portion of the acquisition and development 7 Case survey 7 On the occupation preparation 7 Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 8 Psychological demands 8 Safety demands 8 Social demands 8 Esteem demands 8 Self realization demands 9 Critical analysis of Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 9 Criticism on Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 9 Deduction of Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 11 BibliographyPart ALearning and Development StrategyLearning and development is fundamentally directed towards the alliance of preparation demands and calling development of an employee. The basic intent of the acquisition and development scheme is that you advance an employee accomplishments and cognition in such a manner that will assist in acquiring his occupation done and finally to take to overall organisation public presentation. Uniting both larning and development schemes, you really make a nexus between them. That is you really actuate employee to larn those accomplishments which will assist them in executing their occupation. Essential elements of larning and development scheme are: How a scholar will larn the information? Which signifier of information input will a scholar prefer? How a scholar will pull significance from the received information? What will be the preferable learning manner of the scholar?Differences in formal and informal acquisition techniquesInformal acquisitionFormal acquisitionIn informal acquisition there is no formal teacher involved in it. In formal acquisition you are straight directed by the teacher to larn a peculiar thing. In formal acquisition has no predefined objects and terminal consequences. Before the start of the formal acquisition, you have some aims that clearly define the ground and consequence of the acquisition. Informal acquisition does non take topographic point within a structured environment. Rather it is more of self-generated nature. Informal larning normally happens with the frequence of experiences Formal acquisition takes topographic point within a particular agreement within an organisation. In informal acquisition you do n't acquire any acknowledgment or certification for larning that cognition or accomplishment It consequences in accomplishment of particular grade or certification that really certified that the receiver of this has learned a peculiar accomplishment or cognition. Informal acquisition may non be deliberately learned. It may go on accidentally In formal acquisition, scholar consciously and deliberately learns a specific accomplishment. It normally happens through hit and test procedure ; through socialisation when you interact with people you tend to larn different things from them unconsciously. Examples of formal acquisition are treatments, function playing, lectors, simulations etc.Honey and Mumford acquisition mannerThe learning ability of each single varies from another person. Learning manners determine the penchants of persons in footings of how they focus on different types of information, peculiar ways of comprehending that information and how each single understands that information ( Sandra Penger and Metka TekavA?iA? , 2009 ) . Honey and Mumford come up with different four acquisition manner to analyze differences in larning attacks. The four acquisition manners are: Militants Reflectors Theorists PragmatistsMilitantsMilitant scholars have short them orientation. Activist wants new experiences in their lives. Militants are more flexible and welcoming. They are more of adventuresome nature and want to seek anything new. They are ready to take determinations without believing that what would be the consequences of that determination. They do n't wish to fix before they take any action. Because of their short term orientation, they get bore easy and rapidly and ever look for new things every bit shortly as pleasance from one activity decreases. They are risk taker who want to accept challenges but without believing the possible effects of those challenges.ReflectorsReflectors are considered as good and active hearers. When learner addition experience as an militant, so there is a phase to treat those experience. They seek information from people both primary that with their ain attempts and secondary that is from others. That is why reflectors do non prosecute or take part or sup ply information instead they are searchers and hearers of information. They do n't rapidly leap to decision. Rather they want to hold deep apprehension and penetration of the information and like to believe over and once more. There fore reflectors are slow determination shaper. They resist from taking determinations instantly before chew overing into the gathered information. Their intent is to roll up and analyse information as possible before coming to decision. That is these scholars focus on assemblage and thorough processing of information alternatively of pulling decisions from it.TheoristsTheorists are those scholars who are more attracted towards theories, logics and rules. They tend to transform the erudite information, being an militant and reflectors, into theories and come up with logical concluding. Their manner of analysing any information or resolution job is that they go measure by measure and pull relationships or logics to hold on the large image. That is why they are said to be â€Å" perpendicular minds † ( Frank Coffield, David Moseley, Elaine Hall and Kathryn Ecclestone, 2004 ) . They are more of perfectionist who wants subject in their lives. That is why they go consistently, logically and rationally. Theorists are more of nonsubjective nature. Therefore they do non believe in subjectiveness, gut feelings or intuition. They want logics and grounds to hold on the information.PragmatistsAs theorist expression for theories and logics to understand the information, pragmatists are one measure frontward. They want the practical deduction of theories to hold on the information. As the name implies, pragmatist scholars are more of practical and realistic in nature. They can non absorb any theoretical account theory or principal until and unless it has practical confirmation. Like militant they look for disputing wok and new thoughts but it should be of practical nature. These types of scholars want to seek out the information they have learned one time they get out of the learning establishment. Beginning: Frank Coffield, David Moseley, Elaine Hall and Kathryn Ecclestone ( 2004 ) ‘ Learning manners and teaching method in post-16 larning A systematic and critical reappraisal ‘ . Fig 11Activities that form portion of the acquisition and developmentCase surveyCase survey is one of the activities that form portion of larning and development scheme. In this method scholars are provided with state of affairs that could be conjectural or existent. That state of affairs or narrative includes the background, some back uping information and issue faced by a company or any organisation around which the instance survey revolves. Learner has to work out the instance survey by supplying possible solutions to the job. Learner must be told that instance survey may non hold one concrete solution. Rather it ‘s the belongings of the instance survey that a job in instance can be solved by many and different ways. Therefore each scholar can hold different solution for the insta nce survey. The focal point on utilizing instance survey as a learning tool is that how the scholar approaches towards the solution, how much he understands the job and what are the tools and techniques he has used to work out the job. Harvard instance surveies are widely used in colleges and universities to better job resolution and determination devising accomplishments of scholars.On the occupation preparation ( OJT )On the occupation preparation is particularly applicable for little concern. It ‘s more appropriate when scholar has to larn new engineering. OJT can be done officially or informally. In formal OJT, there is a formal trainer, learners observes the instructor that what and how he is making. Then after the presentation, teacher will discourse the procedure of utilizing orally. Then the scholar will himself pattern the learned accomplishments and will acquire feedback and direction at the same clip. This procedure will reiterate until the scholar become maestro to it. Whereas in informal on the occupation preparation, there is no formal trainer, those who knows the engineering can learn the scholar whenever he requires. There is no formal pattern of the erudite accomplishments or proper feedback of the public presentation of the scholar. Work force ‘s Wearhouse is practising formal on the occupation preparation in which they have trained trainers and they are responsible for the development of their trainees.Part BMaslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryMaslow hierarchy of demands theory was proposed in 1943 by Abraham Maslow in a paper A theory of human Motivation ( William G. Huitt,2004 ) . Maslow points out five degrees of demand that are the beginnings of motive for every person. This degree of demands is presented in a specific sequence. If one degree of demand is satisfied, so person will travel towards another degree of demand. An person will non travel frontward to another degree of demand until and unless the bing degree will be satisfied. And this procedure will go on until a individual reaches to most upper degree. Different people will be motivated by different degree of demand at the same clip. The five degrees of demands are Psychological demands Safety demands Social demands Esteem demands Self realization demandsPsychological demandsThis is the primary degree demand of Maslow hierarchy of demands. It includes basic necessities of an person that are nutrient, shelter, H2O and other physical demands. This degree of demand is the basic demands of every person and it must be met to travel upward in demand pyramid.Safety demandsSafety demands includes protection, security both physical and emotional. Safety needs include fiscal security, wellness attention, justness, personal security etc. If the physiological demands of an person is satisfied so he will travel for safety demands. For an employee safety demand would be occupation security, justness in distribution of wagess by the company.Social demandsSocial demands include demand for friends, relationships and belongingness. Every single demands love and love by others.Esteem demandsEsteem needs includes demand for ego regard, accomplishment, acknowledgment, position, repute. All persons have inclination to prosecute the mselves in such activities that consequences in acknowledgment and value to heighten their repute and derive a position among the group.Self realization demandsSelf realization needs includes demand for growing and to fulfill the thrust of going what one has capacity to go. This is the most upper degree of demand hierarchy. Any single will make to this phase, when the lower degrees of demands will be satisfied. If pervious degree of demands will be satisfied, so an person will recognize its interior possible and will seek to go what he can be.Critical analysis of Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryThe Southern Cross of Maslow hierarchy of demands theory is that each degree in hierarchy must be satisfied before you go to the following degree. In concern universe, directors adopted this theory to actuate their employees. Motivating employees is a large challenge for directors in any organisation. Directors non merely actuate their employees to acquire their occupation done but they motivate their employees to execute their occupation in such a manner that leads to both employee and organisational productiveness. So Maslow theory gives footing to how to actuate employees. Directors have to find that which need degree is more of import to an employee. Sometimes directors merely focus on physiological and safety demands to actuate employees in footings of wage and occupation security. But director must maintain in head that if you want outstanding public presentation from the employees, so you have go upward and concentrate on upper degree of demands like regard and ego realization demand. Merely pecuniary inducements are non sufficient to actuate employees but acknowledgment in public, raising position, publicities, calling promotion besides promote employees and wok as a item of grasp for the employees. It besides gives signal to the employees that company value the part of employees.Criticism on Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryMaslow hierarchy of demands theory is based on intuition and has no scientific logical thinking behind it to back up the statement. Maslow hierarchy of demands is non applicable in all civilization. For case, some civilization gives importance to respect demands than societal demands. Some civilization emphasizes societal demands so over self realization. Harmonizing to Nevis ( 1983 ) , China ‘s primary demand is belonging demand and there is no esteem demands in demand pyramid. Furthermore self realization demand for China in non recognizing 1s ain possible, but being collectivized state, the significance of self realization for them is to function the members of the society.Deduction of Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryApart from unfavorable judgment, Maslow hierarchy of demands theory has an deduction on HR patterns. Through this theory, directors can plan the model to find how to actuate employees for better public presentation. For case you can set up lunch interruptions, define remainder hours and adequate wage and rewards so that employee can hold their basic necessities of life to carry through their physiological demands. In safety demands, directors must provided safe and sound on the job conditions in which workers can work easy and there is low degree of jeopardies. Directors must plan pension programs, retirement programs and tip to assist employees after their retirement age. In societal demands, directors must plan groups or squads to which employees can tie in them. In esteem demands, directors must acknowledge the parts of their employees non merely by giving them pecuniary wagess. But employees must be rewarded on footing of entire reward direction construct which includes intangible wagess every bit good like acknowledgment plan, certifications, gifts etc In self realization demand, directors can give calling promotion chance to employees by giving them more ambitious work, patronizing them for higher instruction etc.

Problems and Issues in Philippine Education Essay

1. Colonial historiography. Most of the past and present teachers, book authors, and Social Studies consultants give heavier premium to the history of the colonizers in the Philippines, and not to the history of Filipinos. Mostly, this has been the case in the teaching of History subjects from the elementary to tertiary levels and will most likely perpetuate in the next generations to come. The history of the Filipino people and the colonial history of the Philippines are two different topics altogether. 2. Internationalization of the division of labor. To a certain extent, the Philippine educational system conditions its students to be skillful in arithmetic and computer literacy, fluent in foreign languages (specifically English and Nihonggo), and docile in order to serve as workers of the transnational businesses of the advanced, capitalist countries. Take the case of the call center phenomenon in the Philippines, India and other developing states. see more:k-12 advantages and disadvantages 3. Emasculation and demoralization of teachers. Teachers, more often than not, are victimized by the over-worked and under-paid policy of the system of the past and present dispensations. This leads to the emasculation and demoralization of their ranks. This probably explains why the teaching profession is not attracting the best and the brightest from the crop of students anymore. Expectedly, this will correspondingly result to the vicious cycle of mediocrity in education. 4. Fly-by-night educational institutions . By any measure, the proliferation of fly-by-night educational institutions is counter-productive. In the long run, it produces a pool of half-baked, unprepared, and incompetent graduates. Alarmingly, the country is having an over-supply already. Some would even consider them as liabilities than assets. This case is true for both undergraduate and graduate studies. 5. Culturally and gender insensitive educational system. Women, the common tao and the indigenous people are almost historically excluded from the Philippine historiography in favor of the men, heroes from Luzon and the power elite. Women are marginalized and trivialized even in language of education. Take the case of the terms female lawyer (as if lawyer as a profession is exclusive only to men) and manpower (which should have been human resources or human capital to be more politically correct). 6. State abandonment of education. In the name of imperialist globalization, the state—in an incremental fashion—is abandoning its role to subsidize public education particularly in the tertiary level. This comes in the form of matriculation, laboratory and miscellaneous fee increases in order to force state colleges and universities (SCUs) to generate their own sources of fund. Ironically, the bulk of the budget (in fact, more than one-third in the case of 2005 National Budget) goes to debt servicing. 7. Sub-standard textbooks. Some textbooks which are already circulation are both poorly written and haphazardly edited. Take the case of the Asya: Noon at Ngayon with an identified total number of more than 400 historical errors. Unfortunately, it is just one of the many other similar atrociously written textbooks which are yet to be identified and exposed. This is a classic case of profit-centeredness without regard to social accountability. 8. Widespread contractualization. In the name of profit, owners and administrators of several private schools commonly practice contractualization among their faculty members. Contractual employees unlike their regular/tenured counterparts are not entitled to fringe benefits which consequently reduces the over-all cost of their business operation. Job insecurity demeans the ranks of the faculty member 9. Undue disregard for specialization. Some colleges and universities encourage their faculty pool to be generalists (under the guise of multidisciplinary approach to learning) in order to be  able to handle various subjects all at once. But some faculty members have turned out to be objects of mockery and have lost their self-esteem since some of them were pushed to handle Technical Writing, General Psychology, Filipino, and Algebra at the same time. This is prevalent among some franchised academic institutions even if the subjects are already off-tangent their area of interest and specialization. 10. Copy-pasting culture. Over-dependence to the cyberspace has dramatically reduced the capability of students (even teachers) to undertake research. ‘Copy-pasting’ has even turned into a norm among some students whenever they are tasked to submit a research paper or even a film review. Needless to say, plagiarism has already transformed into a more sophisticated form in the context of today’s electronic age. 11. Mc Donaldized education. The system, methodology, and even content of education in the Philippines are mere haphazard transplantation from the West. It is therefore Eurocentric, culturally insensitive, and non-reflective of the local milieu. This is based on the xenocentric (foreign-centered) premise that other culture or system is far more superior than one’s own. 12.The problem of non-sustainability and non-continuity. Teachers, administrators and publishers are all left in limbo whenever the DepEd would come up with another totally different directive from what it used to have in a rather very sudden interval. Take the case of the grading system, timeframe allotted to various subjects, MAKABAYAN program, readiness test, and learning competencies. 13. Poor regard for liberal art/education. Liberal education is intended to form a holistic individual equipped with communication, critical thinking, mathematical, creative, inter-personal and intra-personal skills. This explains why we also have Philosophy, Languages, Humanities, Natural Science, Social Science, Physical Education and even Theology in our college curriculum, and not only our major subjects. The curriculum is specifically designed to produce a total person, and not only  a technical specialist. Unfortunately, the desired objective is not being met at all since liberal education is regarded only as a set of minor subjects. With the way these subjects are being handled (taking into account both content and methodology), students view the entire exercise as an unnecessary duplication of what they have already covered in high school. Equally alarming is the lack of enthusiasm and motivation exhibited by some professors to handle the subject especially if they believe that it has nothing to do with the course or area of specialization of their students (say, Art Appreciation for Accounting majors or Algebra for Creative Writing majors). 13. Education a purveyor of myth. Education has been very effective in mainstreaming and perpetuating the social myths in a subtle and indirect manner. Some of these myths are the perceived superiority of white, educated men, ‘official’ history as advanced by the western point of view, globalization as the only way to achieve economic development, and stereotypes against the minoritized and the disenfranchised. 14. Further marginalization of the undersubscribed courses. In the name of profit and as a response to the dictates of the market forces, colleges and universities prefer to offer more courses in line with the health sciences like nursing, medical transcription, and care-giving. This is done at the expense of the already undersubscribed yet relevant courses like Area Studies, Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies), Development Studies, Philippine Arts, Art Studies, Community Development, Social Work, Islamic Studies, Clothing Technology, and Ceramics Engineering. 15. Monolithic education. Some educators in the name of conservatism and for the sake of convenience, prefer the old-style teaching paradigm where they view themselves as the fountain of knowledge and their students as nothing but empty vessels to be filled up (banking method of education). Modern education has ushered in learner-centered approach to education (from being the sage in the stage to just a guide on the side). 16. Atrociously boring teachers. As I always underscore, there are no boring subjects, only boring teachers. But at least we should recognize them because they still serve a purpose. They serve as bad examples. 16. Brain drain Apart from the much debated political, social and psychological aspects, this ongoing mass emigration constitutes an unparalleled brain drain with serious economic implications.Arguably, the phenomenon also has an educational dimension, as the Philippine society is footing the bill for the education of millions of people, who then spend the better part of their productive years abroad. In effect, the poor Philippine educational system is indirectly subsidizing the affluent economies hosting the OFWs. With 95 per cent of all elementary students attending public schools, the educational crisis in the Philippines is basically a crisis of public education. The wealthy can easily send their offspring to private schools, many of which offer first-class education to the privileged class of pupils. Read more:  Current Issues in the Philippines Problems and Issues in K to 12 Curriculum Overview It is not that difficult to understand why, despite the additional costs the program would entail, the public generally appears to take President Benigno Aquino III’s K to 12 basic education program sitting down. That is if state-sponsored surveys are to be believed. The House Committee on Basic Education claims majority of the public surveyed during its consultations favored the K to 12 program, while separate consultations by theDepartment of Education (DepEd) showed 77 percent of the 1,417 people consulted nationwide supported Aquino’s flagship education program. For one, DepEd tried to make the lengthening of the basic education cycle palatable by saying the additional junior and senior high school levels would make students ready for the world of work when they graduate in high school. Even as public elementary and high school education continues to be free under the new system, other expenses such as transportation, allowance, food, school projects and other school expenses would still burden families and take up a significant portion of the family budget. However, what apparently makes parents willing to shoulder such costs is the empty promise of employability after their children receive their hard-earned diplomas. In  the present scheme of things, the function of education is already reduced to the individual’s mere employability. The K to 12 program reinforces this societal function of education. Society also continues to regard education as essential to social mobility, an â€Å"investment† worth undertaking as the â€Å"costs do not outweigh the benefits.† Owing to its highly commercialized character, tertiary education has also become inaccessible for many Filipinos. Dominated by the private sector, higher educational institutions charge students with sky-high tuition and miscellaneous fees that remain unregulated and unchecked. Even as college education gives the student an advantage in the vicious and highly-competitive search for job opportunities, many youths forgo college schooling simply because they cannot afford it. This makes the K to 12’s employability factor more appealing and acceptable to the parents, who are made to believe that under the new education system, college education is a path which is not for everyone to tread. Lastly, any educational reform almost always appeals to many especially since there is a general consensus that our present state of education is in disarray. The word â€Å"reform† is always easy for the public to swallow because any move to veer away from the present arrangement of things is viewed as a welcome development. Reaction/comment Government officials and other advocates who are so insistent in adding two more years in the school cycle should thus join the clamor for higher wages and the regulation of prices of basic commodities and services, push for the expansion and institutionalization of student financial support systems and scholarships, and more importantly, fight for greater state subsidy to education at all levels. Any education reform program that does not take into account economic and other social factors that affect a person’s schooling is bound to fail especially when its supposed beneficiaries cannot keep pace. The public should not take the K to 12 program as a bitter pill to swallow. It should not pass judgment on the program based solely on its glittery promise of honing the student for employability, and the additional costs that parents have to shoulder. The heavy financial burden that comes with the implementation of the program is just one of the many issues on the surface. Basic problems such as lack of teacher training and the failure of the government to address input gaps are also considerations that if left  unaddressed may imperil the full implementation of the program. But a fundamental flaw of the program that merits equal attention is its inability to address the problem of decreasing access to education. Aquino’s K to 12 is anchored on improving the competencies of in-school youths but fails to consider the situation of the growing number of out-of-school youths in the country who should enjoy the universally-acknowledged right of access to educational services. Furthermore, school survival rates are not merely influenced by the student’s mental and cognitive abilities. Poverty, the peace situation, and other societal factors all contribute to the increasing drop-out rates that cannot be remedied by mere curricular reforms and additional years of schooling. What use does a more â€Å"enjoyable† learning experience have when the student cannot even afford to go to school due to his or her financial woes? The K to 12 is marketed as a program wherein the student is given the option to pursue different paths upon graduation: employment, entrepreneurship, and higher education. This freedom of choice touted by the K to 12 proponents, however, is illusory since the student’s choice is actually limited by the reality that higher education has become a privilege and that the worsening economic conditions in the country are pushing Filipinos to seek jobs instead of pursuing higher education. The program’s objective to produce â€Å"globally competitive graduates† also run counter to the supposed freedom that the student possesses in choosing his or her career path. In reality, under the present economic set-up, the prescriptions of market dictates shape our choices and decisions, be it in the brands we purchase, the artists we subscribe to, the course we take in college, and even in the profession or occupation we wish to have. With the government systematically and aggressively promoting the export of labor and the dependence on external sources of jobs and economic growth through its economic policies, it can be expected that majority of the jobs and fields of learning that the students would be pursuing are those that are in tune with the demands of global market—call center jobs, technical-vocational jobs abroad, etc. It is contemptible, how at a young age people are told to pursue whatever dreams they have but education agencies would be coming up with a list of courses that are highly discouraged simply because they are not what the global market demands. Thus, the observation that the real motive behind the K to 12 education reform program is to further intensify  labor export by systematically targeting the country’s young labor force, and further service the demands of multinational firms is not without basis. As seen from the K to 12 curriculum, there is a noticeable focus given to technology and livelihood education (TLE) during high school, with the learner even obtaining a certificate of competency required by industries. In Grades 7 and 8, TLE subjects are exploratory, which means that the learner is given the opportunity to learn 5 basic competencies: 1) mensuration and calculation, 2) use of tools and equipment, 3) interpretation of plans/drawing 4) occupational health and safety in the workplace 5) maintenance of tools and equipment. In Grade 9, the learner chooses one course to specialize in from among the exploratory courses and in Grade 10, he/she pursues the TLE specialization that he/she has chosen in the previous grade in order for him/her to obtain at least a National Certificate Level I or Level II. There is completely nothing wrong with developing the technical and vocational skills of the citizens if these are oriented towards genuine economic development through national industrialization. However, the present economic orientation of the country shows that tech-voc courses supply either the demands abroad or the pool of skilled reserve labor servicing multinational firms which take advantage of the country’s cheap skilled labor. While the intentions seem laudable at first glance, the underlying context of the implementation of the K to 12 program could be best understood by looking at the government’s problematic general development framework that is the Philippine Development Plan, which seeks to reinforce the country’s adherence to the flawed development paradigm of neoliberal globalization. The K to 12 program’s thrust of producing â€Å"21st century graduates† is nothing but an affirmation and a reinforcement of the country’s role in the uneven world order where economies such are ours are molded according to the interests of the powers-that-be. Thus, the K to 12 education program can be considered a sine qua non for the fulfillment of the government’s agenda of trawling the path of the globalization project, which has only made the country vulnerable to the world economic crisis and has yielded the very crisis that plagues  Philippine education. Our country ha s gone through many changes and development for the past few years. The continuous process made great impacts in the lives of millions of Filipinos. Relatively, the changes have given us advantages not to mention the disadvantages it brought causing downfall to many people. There are numerous questions concerning the issues and problems existing in the Philippine Educational System as to how we can resolve it the best way we could to attain that kind of quality of education we have been searching and longing for. Where do we begin and how do we respond to such? Public schools are the building blocks of our societies. They can be considered our foundational instruments. Although these venues of learning play significant roles, they are unable to provide the best they can, due to their numerous flaws. As I’ve gone through different readings and researches, questions were arising in my mind as to what solutions are applicable in addressing the problems about the quality of education, affordability, budget, mismatch, integration of sex education in the curriculum, R.A. 9710 (Magna Carta for Women) and other concerns which are somehow related to it. I will always stand for what I believe in according to my observations that we have good guidelines and policies on education but what is lacking is the ability to implement such in accordance to the needs of every school, majority of which belong to the public education system. Generally, Philippine Education aims to provide quality and free education both for the elementary and secondary public schools but again this have not been observed and understood well causing it to be a burden most especially to the students and parents.

Develop a Game or Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Develop a Game or Activity - Essay Example They found that most of the employees know nothing about people working around them. They decide to introduce new ritual: a small birthday party for every employee, but they concern about their cultural and personal beliefs which can affect such celebrations. The task of trainees is to gather information about colleagues, and image how the staff would organize different birthday parties. Theme "How well do you know the people around you' First part: The employees will be divided into two groups. Using the Intranet (and telephone) employees have to gather information about their colleagues (from the competitors group), and find possible similarities and differences about age, culture, religion, etc. Time limits: 40 min. Second part: Both groups have to make a small birthday presentation for one of the employees (form another group) according to his preferences and cultural values (role play). Analysis This activity (game) was chosen because the rise of computers at work has not only increased the need for computer skills training, but also created new training formats. Computer-based training is interactive, self-paced instruction using software teaching tools. Computer-based training can take a variety of forms. Some companies have staffed computer labs where employees can drop by to practice, with personal assistance available if needed. This game develops research and analytical skills, groupthink and problem solving skills. It has little to do with organizational context, but it will help employees to know each other and improve their communication. Performance support systems are useful because participants in a training program (game) can retain only a limited amount of information and usually not as much as has been taught. With a performance support system, however, employees can get training help and information at the exact time needed--the "trainable moment." Computer-related "knowledge" jobs, in which employees follow certain specified procedures lend themselves most readily to performance support systems. But these systems also help train employees on job tasks that require problem-solving and decision-making skills (Allen 1996). This game will help to examine managerial communication and its impact on different employees, identify its strengths and weaknesses. This game has some elements of the role play because trainees are asked not just to imitate the performance, but also to apply these skills and behaviors to a sample situation in which different individuals play certain roles. Solving and discussing problems helps trainees learn technical material and content, and role plays are an excellent way of applying the interpersonal skills being emphasized in the training. If done well, role plays give trainees the opportunity to integrate new skills with job behavior. This method enhances further training by illustrating how to apply instruction in practice. Demonstrations are ideal for basic skills training, while role playing works well for building complex behaviors such as interpersonal or management skills. During this game,

Ethics of Neuro-Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics of Neuro-Marketing - Essay Example Due to the historical challenges the advertising industry has experienced in trying to prove the return on adverting spending, neuro-marketing has been given somewhat fast adoption in the previous five years (Micu &Plummer, 1). Despite the fact that the prospect of enhanced advertising has created excitement within the business community in general, serious ethical matters have been raised as well by scientists, scholars, and consumer groups (Murphy, Illes, & Reiner, 1). However, the industry pays no attention to these concerns (Christophe, 1). The State of Advertising Ethics Ethical advertising could be described as the production and broadcasting of commercial messages which promote goods or services without lying to the public (Bishop, 2). Shockingly, both the advertising and the marketing industries have a not so good reputation concerning the application of ethical standards. A survey carried out by Gallup in 2011 positioned the advertising occupation at the bottom of the honest y scale with no more than eleven percent partakers ranking advertising practitioners with high or very high scores, placing them just four points above lobbyists and car salespeople (Christophe, 2). The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), formed during 1914, is in charge of keeping consumers protected from advertisers who are unethical or unscrupulous. In the long run, the Federal Trade Commission has identified universal conditions upon which a message is considered to breach the standard of â€Å"truth-in-advertising† (FTC, 2011).  

School shootings and active shooter and the media Research Paper

School shootings and active shooter and the media - Research Paper Example This act has obtained wide media attention and are frequent in the United State of America. They have resulted in countrywide change of schools’ rules concerning discipline and security. Among the reasons for this shooting are school bullying and psychiatric drugs. (Schechter DS February 16, 2011) Schools bullying public seems to play a big part in the lives of many of the school shooters. It consists of the criminal, casualty and one or more witness. This create public disgrace for the victim. The victim being disheartened develop depression, poor social skills and do worse in school performance. Psychiatric drugs has caused hostility, ferocity murderous ideation, and zone of high profile of school shootings. At least 41 school shootings are committed by those taking these drugs. (Schechter DS February 16, 2011). Apart from school shootings, there is also a rise in active shooters. The active shooters specifically engage in killings or try to kill people in a limited population area. They also use rifles. This act has raised up and results to pressure of insecurity to the student in the education institution and the country at large. (http://www.dhs.gov/active-shooter-preparedness) Media as the source of data has worked hard to eradicate the crime. The media have developed some refrains that inspires public perception of school violence. They include: social problematic frames (Evans, 2011) This common form incites fear by characteristic performances of school as wide spread wonders. It has taken information which suggests that school violence incidents are out of regulations and offer evidently support in the form of recent statistic to support the argument. (http://moralpanic.wikispaces.com/1.09.+Media+Portrayal+of+School+Shootings) Good news- Bad news frame. Although certain parts of an article may deliver the data that rates of school hostility have dropped, the frame

The world we live in Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The world we live in - Assignment Example The world tends to see every one of us from points of views that define our gender, nationality, class, disability, ethnicity, sexuality and many other more (Barak, Leighton & Flavin, 2010). No one can escape all these frames of views. For example, gender is an example of an intersection that is purely of social construct. We live in a world where everyone assumes a binary representation as far as gender is concerned. Some of these intersectional characteristics are badly defined – many people take them as fluid. For instance, everyone represents one gender or another, but for some other people, this is never the case. On the same page, sexuality is a fluid characteristic that echoes with a difference between tastes and preferences from one person to another. Some people can choose to be ‘straight ‘or heterosexual for the rest of their lives, others can be bisexual while the rest can be homosexuals: gays (Barak, Leighton & Flavin, 2010). Everyone fits in one of these groups or another. Class is another aspect of intersectionality that applies to everyone. Class can be viewed from cultural and economic points of views. If an individual is not placed under the rich – high income groups, he or she will definitely belong to the middle income group or the low income group. One can either be poor, rich or in between. These sections cover other subgroups given that the magnitude of wealth is continuous (Barak, Leighton & Flavin, 2010). Everyone falls under some sort of race. One can either be a Negroid, Mongloid or a Caucasian. No one fall out of these three components of race (Chow, Segal & Tan, 2011). These intersectional groups are judged differently. Some are viewed with prestige while others are despised. An individual does not take the picture, but can find his or herself in an intersectional identity that makes him or her feel liberated or oppressed. One can be privileged in one intersection and be

Restaurant Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restaurant Management - Research Paper Example evelopingstandard test methods and conducting scientific testing on the energy performanceof both gas and electric commercial kitchen equipment and appliances, expanding the market for energy efficient commercial kitchen technology, and working with partners in encouraging innovative and sustainable ideas, products, services and operations which would reduce harmful effects on health and environment. Food service has been in constant dynamic growth over the years. As a food service increases, the need for technology to enhance the processes of receiving goods and supplies, storage, preparation and service, rises as well. Because of this, the sales of kitchen equipment and appliances that promote efficiency in food service kitchens are in continuous growth over the years. The utilization of these food service equipment and appliances placed food service industry to a high position in the pyramid of energy consumption by industry. Energy production, especially the burning of fossil fuels, is among the topmost enhancers of environmental deterioration. In this case, reinventing food service technology, in such a way that energy consumption is in minimum without compromising the quality and performance sounds promising. The continuous growth and expansion of the food service industry should not compromise the health and condition of people and environment, hence innovations that woul d address these concerns is of crucial and vital importance. According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, the term sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. In the same light, sustainable restaurants are food service providers that manage the social and environmental impact of their operations. These industries are promoting measures which address environmental and social issues such as climate change, animal welfare and food waste. Sustainable

Labor Market Effects of Immigrants in UAE Essay

Labor Market Effects of Immigrants in UAE - Essay Example This essay declares that statistical figures and theoretical statements are used in establishing the relationship between immigrants and labor market in the United Arab Emirates. A personal account of the positive and negative impacts of immigrants in the nation’s labor market is provided. This pape makes a conclusion that immigration, which entails moving into a new country with the sole purpose of setting up permanent residence, affects the economy. For illustration purpose, the movement of Europeans from Britain, Italy and Spain into America was the largest form of immigration in human history. Despite having citizenship in their native countries, European settlers moved into America with the sole purpose of establishing permanent residence in the new nation. Presently, immigration still occurs. Middle East nations like the United Arab Emirates receive thousands of immigrants annually from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh among other countries. Some of these immigrants have legal status, which means they have been cleared to enter and reside in the UAE awaiting citizenship. However, others are illegal immigrants entering the nation without receiving clearance from relevant authorities. Of all the Middle East nations, the United Arab Emirates receives the largest numbe r of immigrants. Based on UN statistics, 43% of immigrants in the Middle East reside in the UAE, while the remaining percentage is evenly distributed among nations like Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.

An Introduction to Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

An Introduction to Law - Case Study Example However in this scenario, the court only considers the legal rules and principles decided in the earlier case. The court is not bound by the complete decision of the previous case. It is the holding of the principle of the law on which the case gets decided. It is the Ratio-Decidendi that sets the precedent and it's binding on the courts in future and it should be considered in combination to their facts of the case1. Obiter dicta actually mean "outside words". While in law, it is measured as the extra comments made by the judges during the proceedings. These are usually some examples which are related and judge discusses them. It should not be misunderstood as a part of precedent like Ratio Decidendi. The obiter dictum is the language in a decision that is not necessary to the decision. The guiding principles on which the judge and the court give the decision are the Ration of the case and other than this all the other statements made by the single judge or the bench is called the Obiter Dicta. Obiter Dictis is also known as the passing statements. A bench comprises of three judges, if one of the judge dissents against the judgment of the other two judges than the majority view would be called the Ratio Decidend.i Whereas, the dissenting judgment would be part of the obiter dicta of the whole judgment. Ratio Decidendi is binding on the lower courts as they act in the form of examples for them. Obiter Dicta can be just influential but not compulsory. It is also true that the part of the judgment that forms the part of Obiter Dicta are not wholly irrelevant and in some cases under the English legal system have espoused some important legal principles that have acted as a guiding fo rce in a number of later decisions. Obiter Dicta act as a persuasive statement under the English legal system which is not binding. Although, some cases have elaborated on this part of the judgment and have come up with extensive and thorough analysis that though part of the obiter dicta of the judgment have later on acted as persuasive statements and as a guiding light in a number of subsequent cases in the English legal system2. Like in the case of 'Mama v. Flora Sasoon 55 IA360', the Privy Council's full judgment on the case of specific performance was obiter dicta as the Privy Council held 'there was no concluded contract at all'. However, the decision is binding on all courts as it settled the law on particular performance. Similarly, in 'Lawson v. Commissioner of Patents (1970), 62 C.P.R. 101 (Ex. Ct.)' The ratio decidendi or the decision was claiming straight to the "subdivided parcel of land" also does not fall within the description of "invention" in section 2. Especially, a sub-divided parcel of land is not represented as either an "art" or "manufacture" in section 2. The Court gave this narrow ratio, but also discussed in an elaborated manner if a method of subdividing land might constitute an "art" under section 2 (concluding that it would not), even though no such method claim was put before the Court to be decided. An ideal instance of both ratio decidendi and obiter dictum can be found in the judgment in the most famous of all insurance law cases, Castellain v. Preston (1883) in which the principle of indemnity in

Biblical Writings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biblical Writings - Essay Example "Torah" is a Hebrew term meaning 'teaching' or 'instruction', which is used to refer to the Five Books of Moses, otherwise known as Pentateuch, which include Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. However, the term is also used to refer to the entire Jewish bible and to the entire Jewish law and teachings, in its broadest sense. The Talmud may be realized as one of the central texts of conventional Judaism which incorporates the rabbinic teachings concerning Jewish law, ethics, customs and history, and it has two components: Mishnah and Gemara. The Hebrew term Mishnah (or Mishna), which means 'repetition', can be comprehended as the earliest written redaction of the Jewish oral traditions and it can refer to the entire tradition of the Oral Torah. The second component of the Talmud, known as the Gemara, is a collection of rabbinical commentaries and studies of the Mishnah. The terms such as Hebrew Bible, Jewish scripture, Old Testament, and First Testament are closely c onnected, because all these refer to the same scripture in different traditions. Thus, the Hebrew Bible refers to the books of the Jewish Bible (also known as Tanakh), which is known as the Old Testament in Christian Biblical canon. Similarly, First Testament is another term used for the familiar term Old Testament, referring to the first section of the Christian Biblical canon. Therefore, Tanakh, Torah, Mishnah, Gemara, Talmud, Hebrew Bible, Jewish scripture, Old Testament, and First Testament are important terms used to refer to the various Scriptures, books, traditions etc in the Jewish and Christian religion. A profound source criticism of the Bible refers to significant designations such as J (Jahwist), E (Elohist), P (Priestly), D (Deutoronomist), and Q (Quelle) and these terms denotes the major sources of the Old Testament and the New Testament. One of the major developments in source criticism of the Bible has been the "documentary hypothesis", according to which the first five books of the Old Testament ((known as the Pentateuch) were comprised of four major sources such as J (Jahwist), E (Elohist), P (Priestly), and D (Deutoronomist). The Jahwist (J), one of the four major sources of the Torah, is the oldest source according to the "documentary hypothesis" and it refers to God as Yahweh. The second source of the Torah, known as the Elohist (E), refers to God as Elohim and presents God as less anthropomorphic to Yahweh of the earlier Jahwist source. The most recent of the four chief sources of the Torah is the Priestly Source (P) emphasizes the laws of Moses and priestly duties. The fourth source of the Torah, i.e. the Deuteronomist (D), considers the texts of Scripture as products of human intellect. Therefore, the Jahwist, the Elohist, the Priestly, and the Deutoronomist are the four major sources of the Torah, according to the "documentary hypothesis". It is also important to recognize these four sources were in the long run combined into the Pentateuch to organize the first five books of the Old Testament. Source criticism of the New Testament introduces one to the term Q (Quelle), which refers to an earlier, lost source of the Gospels. Significantly, the German word 'Quelle' means 'source' and this lost textual source was central to the origin of the Gospels, especially the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke. Part

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations. Defination of Fast Food ?Food that can be prepared and served very quickly ?Any meal with low preparation time can be considered ?Food sold with preheated or precooked ingredients. The first fast food restaurants originated in the United States with AW in 1916 and White Castle, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, is generally credited with opening the second fast food outlet and first hamburger chain, selling hamburgers McDonalds and KFC are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. The United States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. Approximately 2 million U. S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food servicing including fast food in the USA. Famous Fast Food Brands From America (TOP 10) LINK: http://cuclife. com/famous-brand/Fast-food/list_711_1. html (Photo Use) 1. Burger King 2. Burger King 3. Taco Bell 4. Arbys 5. Wendys 6. White Castle 7. Kentucky Fried Chicken 8. Pizza Hut 9. Chick-fil-A 10. Subway History of Fast Food Culture Significant Events in the US Fast Food Industry 1916: The first low-cost limited menu high-speed hamburger restaurant called White Castle opens in Wichita KS. 1921: White Castle opens its first restaurant selling hamburgers for 50 cents. 1940: The first McDonalds store Established. 1951: The term fast food is recognized in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 1967: McDonalds opens its first restaurant outside the United States 1971: The first Starbucks store opens in Seattle 2002: McDonalds cuts back on trans fat on its French fries by 48%. 2005: McDonalds mascot Ronald ranks 2nd in the top-10 advertising icons of the 20th century. 2006: According to an estimate, Americans spend nearly $142 billion on fast food. Development of Fast Food Industry Restaurants have been around in some form for most of human civilization. But they usually catered to travelers. As far back as ancient Greece and Rome, inns and taverns generally served food to people who had a reason to be away from home. This trend continued until relatively recently. Although taverns and coffee houses were popular places to gather and share beverages in the 17th century, the idea of eating out for fun didnt take off in Western society until the late 18th century. Although McDonalds was the first restaurant to use the assembly-line system, some people think of White Castle as the first fast-food chain. White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita, Kansas. At the time, most people considered the burgers sold at fairs, circuses, lunch counters and carts to be low-quality. Many people thought hamburger came from slaughterhouse scraps and spoiled meat. White Castles founders decided to change the publics perception of hamburgers. They built their restaurants so that customers could see the food being prepared. They painted the buildings white and even chose a name that suggested cleanliness. White Castle was most popular in the American East and Midwest, but its success helped give hamburger meat a better reputation nationwide. So, like cars, White Castle played an important part in the development of fast food. The McDonald brothers opened their redesigned restaurant in 1948, and several fast-food chains that exist today opened soon after. Burger King and Taco Bell got their start in the 1950s, and Wendys opened in 1969. Some chains, like Carls Jr. , KFC and Jack in the Box, existed before the Speedee Service System, but modified their cooking techniques after its debut. McDonalds, which started it all, is now the worlds largest fast-food chain. According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163. 5 billion in 2005. The industry is growing globally as well. Total sales for McDonalds grew 5. 6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries. However, McDonalds and fast food in general does not always get a welcoming reception around the world. McDonalds restaurants have been attacked in several countries, including the United States, China, Belgium, Holland, India, Russia, Sweden and the U. K. Protestors have accused McDonalds and other chains of selling unhealthy food, marketing aggressively to children and undermining local values and culture. Reason why the Fast Food Industry can be so Successful ?Cheap ?Fast (Convenience) ?Tasty ?Change in lifestyle (Working Long Hours, Busy Life, Rapid Paces) ? Child-Friendly Atmosphere (E. g. Toys) ?Franchising Scheme (E. g. McDonald’s) Variants: How the fast food culture in America influence the whole world.

To what extent is Marxism still relevant today

To what extent is Marxism still relevant today In communist society, where nobody has one exclusive sphere of activitysociety regulates production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in evening, criticise after dinner, just as I have a mind, without ever becoming hunter, fisherman, shepherd or critic. (Marx/Engels The German Ideology) I love talking and thinking about politics and to imagine a better society, where I can reflect on what to write in my essays, but the quality of these activities would change very much, if one was not forced to do it, to pass exams, to get a degree, and eventually to find a job to survive in the capitalist society. Everyone knows the difference between self-fulfilling activity and the obligation of wage labour, what we normally call work. When we are looking at the quotation above, we see that Marxism is rather a social utopia than a political program. The utopia of a society without exploitation of people by people, a society where concurrence is abolished and the voluntary cooperation of men and women is the motor of production. The precondition for this view is the idea, that the individual is a social being and for that reason must be analysed in its social and historical context and that is continually in development. The fundamental difference in the history of political thought between the left wing and the right wing is based on the view of the human being. Hobbes for example describes the condition of archaic societies as a bellum omnium contra omnes2, that is why the main fear of men comes from its similars so to protect people from people, there is the need of a strong state and law and order. You ca not change mankind, there is no development There were always these two views of humans that built the basics of ideologies and it seems to be more a matter of belief than a fact that you can prove. In the last decades we experienced a dominance of what I call new liberal thinking, conservative think tanks began to describe human behaviour with the rules of the neo classical school of economics, that sees the person as a advantage maximising individual, all aspects of life are tried to explain as economic behaviour. In 1989 the concurrent system to capitalism lost its last battle of the cold war; the right celebrated the victory of capitalism and liberal democracy and the left was paralysed. The well-known Francis Fukuyama described the End of history as the end point of mankindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s ideological evolution and the universalisation of Western liberal democracy. (National Interest, 1989, 16) In the same article Fukuyama says that it will be a sad time, because there is not going to be any ideological struggle any more, idealism would be replaced by economic calculations, the endless solving of technical problems environmental concerns and the satisfaction of sophisticated consumer needs. The right wing ´s argument against Marxism today is the breakdown of communism and the dark sides of the soviet system, although we know from an Marxist point of view, that the system in Russia had not anything to do with the ideal and the utopia of Marxism. It was state capitalism without any form of democracy that failed because of social movements in Eastern Europe, for example Solidarinosc in Poland. The problem is that left wing intellectuals fell into agony after 1989 because they shared the feeling that capitalism had won and the world is bad, many of them stopped to think about alternatives and lost their utopia, went fishing, or some orthodox ones lost their belief and became new liberals, others searched for third ways. The dominance of new liberalism also colonised the social democracy, for example the words of the social democratic Austrian chancellor, who said in the eighties, that somebody who has visions needs a doctor. The theory of the third way left the road of Marxism as a result of 1989 and is defined by Anthony Giddens as a way between old social democracy and new liberalism. The question is: is the third way a road that leads to nowhere? It is very likely so because there is no final perspective. I would explain it rather as a parking lot of conservative and liberal political ideas, than as a way. Ten years after the transition in the east we are facing a growing social movement with a big scepticism about the economic globalisation, more and more people experience the negative effects of capitalism and more and more people are claiming for alternatives. Social utopias are still relevant because naturally an other system comes to your mind, when you are not satisfied, even if they are only wishes sort of dreams, the next step is the thinking process to realise your dreams. You cannot kill utopias. Marxism is still relevant as an utopia to reach a society of free and equal. The function of ideologies is to conquer the minds, because the actions of people are led from their view of the world and their wishes. Ideology only has an influence on a personality if there is a belief in it. The task of the academic left (if there is still one) today is to win back the hegemony at the battlefield of ideas. 2. Marxism as an instrument of critique I think it is incontestable that Marxism is still relevant as a critique of capitalism the state and liberal democracy. Marxism is a child of the Industrial Revolution and was born as a reaction to the bad effects of proletarianisation, dependency on wage labour, the new mode of production, which caused hunger and oppression. The theory that the development of the capitalist system, with a growing number of wage labourers leads more or less automatically to a revolution forgot, that capitalism was able to react to social and economic changes very fast. So the ruling class understood how to bring more and more wage employees on their side (ex. white collar employees). Nevertheless a big majority in Europe has to live with their income through wage labour, and when we look to a world perspective, we find a massive proletarianisation in the world. (compare Callinocos, 1992, p. 113), In a world perspective we also see growing differences between the south and the north, which makes Marxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s theory in a global perspective very plausible. Globalised capitalism with its new liberal face, hasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t found an answer to the exploitation of nature and the growing social inequalities. The waste of resources and the economic crisis canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t be abolished through capitalism. The principle of profit is the principle of exploitation. The regular breakdowns of the stock markets with their destructive effects on states, is a good example. Marx knew that the state couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t be neutral, because the state represents the interests of the ruling classes and the owners of the resources, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s why liberal democracy could not be a real democracy, it leads to a passive citizenery in the 1988 presidential elections in the US, upper-income electors were twice as likely to vote as lower income electors: the displacement of parliamentary institutions by unelected centres of power [.]; structural constraints on the piecemeal transformation of capitalism it was above all the massive flight of capital from France which forced the Mitterand administration to abandon the program of reforms on which it was elected in 1981. (Callinicos, 1992, p. 109) Variables like class, gender and income are very important for a sociological description of the society, the marxist point of view, played always an important role for class analyses and the question, who has the power in a society, who owns the production means and so on. 3. Marxism as an alternative First we have to define our aims even if they are utopian, first we have to know what we want, then we can search for ways to reach our aims. We will see that there are many ways that lead in the same direction, so the main difference between Marxists, are the means they are using. Marx conceived the post capitalist future as an association of all workers, an association in which freedom and equality were combined through (1) the democratic regulation of society; (2) the end of politics; (3) the planned use of resources; (4) efficient production; and (5) greater leisure. (Held, 1999, p. 147) These are the aims shared by all Marxists to overcome capitalism, to abolish the state and the power and to introduce democratic self-government. What they all have in common is the utopia. The differences between them are the way to come closer to these aims. Libertarian Marxists reject all forms of compromises with organisations of the capitalist society, authoritarian leadership, division of labour. They refuse party organisation. They believe that progress can only be made with democratically organised mass movements. Pluralists are using the institutional framework of the liberal democracy to win control of the state for restructuring it. They believe in the necessity of party organisation, using power to abolish it and extension of participation. Many social democratic parties, some communist parties come from this tradition, green movements can be subsumed under this category too. The orthodox Marxist branch belief in a strong party organisation with professional leadership and cadre discipline, but rejects compromises with the capitalist democracy, which only represents the interests of the capital. (compare Held, 1999, p. 148 150) So Marxists are fighting in many places, in parliaments (pluralists), in basic movements (libertarians), in hidden places (planning the revolution), but they all meet on big demonstrations against globalisation. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t like each other, but every branch plays its role. The orthodox Marxists lost influence, but the forces of the traditional democratic left in the parliaments could come closer to libertarians, because of the growing movement against new liberalism. In the so-called civil society we will find libertarian Marxists. The main difference between these two factions is the question of reform or revolution. Pluralists wanted to get control of the state to transform capitalism, but they became part of the state and of the capitalist system, many lost their ideologies (Third Way), but there are still some left in the institutions. They won ´t bring innovation, what they could remobilize is a strong democratic, anti capitalist basic movement, that is inspired by libertarian Marxist ideas. If this movement is strong enough, it could be the beginning of a new age of a sustainable transformation of capitalism to something different, what seems not realistic at the moment, but who knows. In any case the libertarian branch with its allies in the civil society could wake up the old pluralists in the parliaments and party machines to start a new offensive against new liberalism, to improve democracy, to concentrate on redistribution and to get back or defend important public resources and so on. My theory is, that social movements are a motor of reform, even if they don`t manage to bring revolutionary changes. Marxism always was a threat for the capitalism, that forced capitalism to adapt, but not the theory brought a welfare state or socialist elements to capitalist states, it were always the social movements in connection with the utopia that brought the change. I believe that Marxism is an alternative, because of the weak sides of capitalism and liberal democracy, the exploitation of humans and the nature, the waste of resources and the social inequality, but as long as we don`t have Marxism as an practical alternative, it has three functions: As an utopia it shows us an aim a direction, as an analysing method helps it to show us the contradictions of capitalism and it is a threat for the free market system and liberal democracy, that could lead to an permanent reform of the system. Perhaps we need no revolution. Perhaps capitalism will reform as long as it turns into a communist society, and if not, the revolution will come, Marx said. Bibliographie Callinicos, A: The Revenge of History: Marxism and the East European Revolutions (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992). Duncan, G.: Democratic theory and practice (University Press, Cambridge, 1983) Held, D.: Models of Democracy (Blackwell, Cambridge, 1999) chapter 4. Levin, M: Marxism and Democratic theory in Duncan, g. 1983. Journals: Booth, W.J.: Making Sense of Marx concept of Communism (1989, Political Theory, 17/2). Fukujama, F.: The End of History? (1989, National Interest, 16) Halliday, F.: An Encounter with Francis Fukuyama (1992, New Left Review No. 193). Milibald, R.: Fukuyama and the socialist Alternative (1992, New Left Review No. 193) Milibald, R.: The Plausability of Socialism (1994, New Left Review No. 206). Pierson, C.: Democracy, Markets and Capital: Are there Necessary Economic Limits to Democracy? (1992, Political Studies, Special Issue). Rustin, M.: No Exit from Capitalism? (1992, New Left Review No. 193). 1 Utopos means nowhere, a place that doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²t exist; an utopia is the birth of a wish. 2 War between all

Food production methods in large functions

Food production methods in large functions Introduction The terms of food and beverage services gone from home forms a considerable element of the performance of the hotel and catering industry and like the industry of which it is a fraction , the food and beverage function is characterised both by its variety and its size. Outlets contain private and public division establishments and them choice from small privately-owned apprehension to large international organisations and from top-security reformatory catering to catering in the most luxurious hotels. In this assignment I will try to find out the characteristics of food production and food and beverage service systems and food production and food and beverage service systems. Task 01 Discuss the characteristics of food production and food and beverage service systems. Characteristics of the food and beverage sector A vital part of everyday life Major contributor to the national economy Generates employment Promotes diversity through many different food concepts cuisines An chance to enjoy the company of friends, family and colleagues Fulfils basic needs Food is a basic need for everyday life Food Production Methods Food production may be definite as that phase of the food flow mainly apprehensive with the dispensation of raw; semi prepared, or prepared foodstuffs. The resulting product may be in a ready to provide state, for example in the conventional method (cook serve); or it may experience some form of protection, for example cook-chill or cook-freeze, before being served to the consumer. Production systems Traditional Centralised Sous-vide Cook-chill Cook-freeze batch cooking call-order Traditional method In the conservative parties method, the majority of food is purchased raw, very little falling into what we now call the ‘’convenience foods’’ category. Facilities are presented for the receipt and storage of goods, the preparation, cooking, holding and service of food. The traditional method is used in most kitchen concern. Cook-Freeze method The expression cook-freeze refers to a catering system based on the full cooking of food pursued by fast freezing, with storage at a controlled low temperature of -18C or under. The method is related to cook-chill apart from refrigeration temperatures. Blast Freezing To decrease the time spent in danger zone, a specially considered Blast Chilling or Freezer is required measure refrigeration equipment just is not competent of removing heat fast sufficient. Blast Chilling The temperature must be concentrated from +70C to +3C or below within 90 minutes. Blast Thawing To de-ice food, the air approximately needs to be relatively heater than the food itself so that heat can be transferred from air to food to dissolve the ice. Hazard zone is between +8 C and +68C, where microorganisms multiply fastest, for as little time as achievable. The germs split into two each 20 minutes. Sous –vide method Sous-vide are more fresh food processing technique residential in the late 1970s. The sous-vide methods of food construction (vacuum cooking at exact temperature 138 degrees and time). Centralised distribution This method is frequently adopted by huge chains that are looking to subcontract all or measurement of their food production. Cook-Chill method This method is a catering coordination based on normal preparation and cooking of food pursued by rapid chilling and storage space. The Chilled food necessitates low capital outlay and minimum workforce. Service Systems Table/Plate service Counter/Buffet service A la carte Table d’hà ´tel Silver service Family service Flambà © service Specialist food service Table/ Service Food is organized, placed on individual tableware and delivered to the consumers. This method is used in the hotel and self-determining restaurants. Buffet service Food is prepared in move forwards. Big quantities of food then placed in containers and served from a table in the restaurant. Used in consultation and banqueting. Family/ English service Food is prepared and placed in dishes. Server then transportations to restaurant, it is placed in the centre of tables. Chinese and Middle Eastern Cultures. Silver/Russian service Food is prepared/ cooked, placed on hot silver containers. some fine dining, consultation and banqueting. A la carte Hotel or restaurant meal consisting of several differently priced dishes which are cooked frequently when ordered from a menu. A guest orders independently and pays for them separately. Table d’hà ´tel Is generally a restaurant meal consisting of a predetermined number of already prepared dishes, at a fixed price for a complete meal for one person. Flambà © service/Gueridon Food is prepared but not cooked. Attendant puts food on a convenient trolley and transfer into front of house neighbourhood. The food is prepared in front of the guests. Specialist food service A food overhaul specialist may arrange a selection of meals. Most employers require their food service specialist to have at slightest a high school diploma. Acquaintance of specialist food service should consist of: basic food handling, nutrition, sanitation measures. Discuss factors affecting recipes and menus for specific systems. Factors affecting recipes and menus for specific systems Size of operation Objectives of the operation Quality of the operation Nature of the menu Quality of customers Budget of the customers Customer needs Availability of resources The others factors affecting menu and recipes for specific system Size of the kitchen, consumer’s contentment, and price of items programmed, management decisions costs, availability of items, type of service, customer’s value, and demographic features, food habits and predilections, flavour and appearance of dishes, nutritional importance. Menu can be an outstanding selling tool to supplement the indicative selling of staff. Customer perceptions: keeping your consumers happy can be harder than you suppose. Happy customers result in: (repeat sales, positive company image, and high quality customer’s referrals) Space and equipment in the kitchen will manipulate the composition of the menu; Every establishment has a intention food cost to be achieved, the cost, preparation and production of the food items, have to well the target. Business stand up for profit; it is difficult for menu fashionable to make a customer and business friendly menu, to cover all costs. Accessibility of ingredients in seasonality and suppliers require be taken into reflection. Colour balance is essential; customers should be able to ‘eat with their eyes’. Ethnicity and nutritional value: Nutritional balance is important to make certain that the dishes are produced as nutritiously as potential (protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins). Menu is made for customer contentment, but if the items do not costume customer’s ethnicity and nutritional importance then it is a big difficulty. As we have only 60 guests, a medium kitchen is enough, the constituents we use in our menu are straightforward to find, and two or three waitress will be enough. Buffet/Counter service has the next advantages: can be provide a large number of people, customer have choice, customers are part of the development, fewer staff required, service staff require less skills, fewer objections due to their decision-making; Disadvantages: Queuing, food presentation can be pretentious; food can run out, food excellence affected due to temperature and mixing service crockery. Plate service has the next advantages: presentation, placed on individual plates, quality, portion control. Disadvantages of Plate service are: Require high quality and highly skilled chefs; consumers sometimes have to remain for food delivery. Conclusion Modern day food and beverage processes are progressing to get better in the quality, and the service. Professionalism is increasing, through improved training and development. The quality of service is becoming the generally important differentiating factor when consumers are choosing between different establishments. In this assignment I wrote about characteristics of food production and food and beverage service systems and affecting recipes and menus for specific systems.

Charles V :: essays research papers

CHARLES V FEBRUARY 24, 1500 – SEPTEMBER 21, 1558   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles V was born on February 24, 1500 in Ghent, which today is better known Belgium. He was the oldest in the family so when his father died in 1506, he inherited the Netherlands and the Franche Comte, which was located in France but actually belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. He gained much more land once his maternal and paternal grandfathers died. Not since Charlemagne, in the early 9th Century, had one person dominated so much land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Charles visited Spain for the first time, he realized that he wasn’t popular among the citizens. However, his fight against the muslim Turks and the German Protestants won him some acceptance. Though being accepted was a problem, controlling the finances became a much larger one. There were many times when promising military campaigns had to be broken off due to lack of money and at times it appeared that Charles didn’t much mind that such actions had to be taken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1519 Charles was elected German King and Holy Roman Emperor. So after his visit to Spain he went to Germany to be officially crowned king. But, he would have to wait until 1530 to become the Holy Roman Emperor. Charles was going through a lot and he soon started feeling the pressures of his obligations and to add to his pressures, he would soon be going into war with France, a big competitor and persistent enemy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles V went through many wars, but his most were with France. The Valois kings fought the emperor for the leadership of Europe in general and for the domination of Italy in particular. Though in 1525 Charles’s army defeated and captured Francis I of France at the Battle of Pavia in Italy it was thought that the war was over. But when the peace compromise was final and Francis was released, the Italian wars began again. In 1535 the Spaniards captured Milan and confirmed their domination of Italy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, in stages, between 1555 through 1568, Charles V voluntarily gave up the throne.

Math Facts Essay -- Education, The Arithmetic Gap

â€Å"Memorizing math facts is the most important step to understanding math. Math facts are the building blocks to all other math concepts and memorizing makes them readily available† (EHow Contributor, 2011). To clarify, a math fact is basic base-10 calculation of single digit numbers. Examples of basic math facts include addition and multiplication problems such as 1 + 1, 4 + 5, 3 x 5 and their opposites, 2 – 1, 9 – 4, 15/5(Marques, 2010 and Yermish, 2011). Typically, these facts are memorized at grade levels deemed appropriate to a student’s readiness – usually second or third grade for addition and subtraction and fourth grade for multiplication and division. If a child can say the answer to a math fact problem within a couple of seconds, this is considered mastery of the fact (Marques, 2010). Automaticity – the point at which something is automatic- is the goal when referring to math facts. Students are expected to be able to recall facts without spending time thinking about them, counting on their fingers, using manipulatives, etc (Yermish, 2011). . In order to become a fluent reader, a person must memorize the sounds that letters make and the sounds that those letters make when combined with other letters. Knowing math facts, combinations of numbers, is just as critical to becoming fluent in math. Numbers facts are to math as the alphabet is to reading, without them a person cannot fully succeed. (Yermish, 2011 and Marquez, 2010). A â€Å"known† fact is one that is â€Å"answered automatically and correctly without counting† (Greenwald, 2011). In order for a child to achieve academically, the child must master basic facts. A child's progress with problem-solving, algebra and higher-order math concepts is negatively impacted by a lack... ...wer but offer no assistance with learning a concept (Mahoney and Knowles, 2010). Automaticity of math facts is beneficial to all mathematics learning. Fortunately, there are ways to help students learn basic facts without skill and drill. Explicit strategy instruction is more effective than encouraging strict rote memorization (Woodward, 2006). Yet, many educators are unsure of how to help students master facts. Too many educators still have misconceptions of how students learn facts and how they commit them to long-term memory (Baroody, 1985). Some people argue that students no longer need to learn how to compute now that calculators are widely available. â€Å"While facility at one-digit computation is far from the primary aim of elementary school mathematics, it is an important skill that provides the foundation for many other topics†(Burton and Knifong, 1982).

Charles Dickens Essay -- essays papers

Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens is the greatest English writer that ever lived. He was one of the most popular writers in the history of literature. Surely no English author is so well known and so widely read, translated and remembered as Charles Dickens. He fame is well deserved. From the pen of this great author came such characters as Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Bob Cratchit and Tiny Tim, Mr. Pickwick, and Little Nett. Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth and spent most of his childhood in London and Kent, both of which appear frequently in his novels. Charles Dickens was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. John Dickens worked as a clerk at the Navy pay office in Portsmouth. Charles, the second of seven children, went to the local school. John Dickens found it difficult to provide for his growing family on his small pay. In 1822 the family moved to Camden Town in London. John Dickens' debts had become so severe that all the household goods were sold. Still unable to satisfy his creditors, John Dickens was arrested and sent to Marshalsea Prison. At age 12, Charles found work at Warren's Blacking Factory, where he was paid six shillings a week wrapping shoeblack bottles. The brief time that he worked at the Blacking Factory haunted him all of his life. He spoke of it only to his wife and to his closest friend, John Forster. The rough time he had there would show up in his stories Da vid Copperfield and in Great Expectations. Six months after being sent to Marshalsea, one of John Dickens's relatives died. He was left enough money in the will to pay off his debts and to leave prison. Some of the inheritance was used to educate Charles at a nearby private school, Wellington House Acade... ... the problem he gained copyright for the books sold in America. The only thing that I didn’t understand about this book was how the author said that Charles was a self-centered man but he argued to try to abolish slavery and gave some of his earning from book writing to charities. That doesn’t sound self-centered to me. Everything else about it was outstanding and I learned a lot. Charles Dickens went through a lot of rough times in his life and ended up on top. He came from being a normal middle class citizen to being one of the most popular people in the world. His books have been read, translated and made into motion pictures. They have been read and watched by people for years and will still be in years to come. Charles Dickens’s personal life grew increasingly unhappy and drove him to an early death. But His work remains, funny, sad, warm, and stunning.

Abuse of the Executive Powers of the President Essay

In the f whole in States our chairwoman has many strengths that be granted to him when they be select into office. They receive the aptitude to change the budget, to either cut rachis on spending, or devour bracing programs to help their citizens. They sewer veto a bill that they think is non active to be do law yet and fling it back to sexual copulation for further evaluation. They seat appoint Supreme address Justices. They as well argon the commander in nous of all U.S. armies, and they even pay back the legions unit to spread military man everywhere to unconnected states in generation of abhorrence in about circumstances. in that location are many who believe that the tycoons of the chairperson are sometimes ab utilised, specially as the commanding officer in Chief. There involve been some(prenominal) instances in our lands annals in which the death chair has been open to joggle their counselling around the goerning bodyal limi tations that are given of the Commander in Chief. notwithstanding though the hot seat is unable to in truth throw war he passel utilisation his forefingers to advance a conflict.The obligate recountingional War antecedents, The Commander in Chief and Senator John Mccain describes how this is achieved by stating techni call upy in force(p) congress has the occasion to declare war only if the hot seat groundwork act unilaterally to repel sharp attacks made on U.S. Soil (Bowling, 2008, p. 1). Presidents use these administrator director forces to control in a conflict that they believe strikes to be settled in times of crisis. The opus has a system within-it that tries to grant divulge just now equal powers to all branches of establishment called checks and balances.Although this system of checks and balances is supposed to be followed, in that location are ways which plastered branches of presidency fire gain to a greater extent power than others. Often the President is the one who abuses the system, and uses their administrator director powers for their own advantages. These powers granted to the President withdraw been ab utilize more and more end-to-end our Nations new-made memoir and it needs to be express to shop trus devilrthy that the leader of the United States is do decisions which are stovepipe for his citizens.Literature throttle reviewIn the maintain decision nonplusr claim, death chairial Power, secrecy and accountability Mark Rozel defines administrator privilege and how it has been implemented everyplace time. He focuses on some(prenominal) cases where administrator privilege has been abuse including the Nixon, George W. supply, and Clinton constitutions. He brings insight on how they analogouswisek the power excessively far andhow the state felt approximately their actions. The expression Conflicts between the commander in caput and sexual relation (2008) indite by Jules Lobel focus es on the Bush validation, and how the prexy took his powers of commander in chief too far. consort to the article the disposition ignores or greatly minimizes Congresss geological formational Powers to declare War (2008, p. 391). This is a prime indicator that the prexy is gaining too very much power. Another article, CONGRESSIONAL fight POWERS, THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF AND SENATOR gutter MCCAIN, (2008) written by Jeremy L. Bowling, Richard D. Caldwell, Ryan C.Hendrickson, and John S. Morris, focuses on how the system of separation of powers was supposed to furcate the powers of the governing equally, just describes how the president has utilise his unilateral powers too much. The article to a fault focuses on John McCains views well-nigh using and restricting the powers of commander in chief. Another article that focuses on the executive powers of the president is Controlling Executive Power in the War on terrorism written by Mark Tushnet (2005). This article analyzes what the organisations response is to outbreaks of war. It describes how Congress and the president interact with one other during times of crisis to decide what should be done.It elaborates on the difficult struggle that the government faces during these times. usually the president has final say of what to do during these times. Another article that focuses on a different way the president coffin nail gain too much power is The Most Dangerous Branch Executive Power to Say What the Law Is written by Michael Stokes Paulsen (1994). This article goes into depth round just how much power the president has compared to the other branches of government. One of the main points it asserts is that the president has the power to come across the law before executing it which brush off play a big role in how the ground is ran.Discussion Our rurals Constitution was arranged in a way, and develop over the years to make sure that no branch of government would engender more powerful tha n the others. It has been amended and changed throughout fib so that it sack up hold to the way that citizens views change. Although the Constitution is written in ink it does not mean that in that respect is one way of discovering the meanings of laws and amendments. The constitution grants Executive Power to the President scarce there are as wellpowers called the indwelling powers which are other powers guaranteed to the President, including plowing foreign policy, making treaties, using executive privilege which is used to sustain diplomatic and military secrets private. These powers washbowl be very dangerous because they can be hold upn advantage of, and interpret in a way that can give the president the upper guide over the two other branches of government.Michael Paulsen describes wherefore the Executive Branch of government is the just about dangerous by stating The executive possesses Force, Will, and astuteness the power to interpret the law. He has the s ole duty and prerogative to direct and ascendence the manner in which the laws are penalise (1994, p. 219). If a person gets elected to president who is selfish or does not have good morals thusly these powers could bring up to be very harmful to the state of matters well-being. There have been several instances in our nations invoice where the President has acted not in the trounce interest of the nation, barely in the best interest of themselves and his supporters. This builds mistrust in citizens about the government, and makes them question whether they very have as much influence in the government that is promised to them by the Constitution.A power that has been mistreat lately, and interpreted in a certain way that makes it easy to be in favor of the president is the power of commander in chief. The president is not able to declare war officially but he can sure be one of the causes for it. Even if the majority of the country feels that war should be avoided the pre sident eat up over has the power to send troops over to foreign nations if there is a curse to the national security of the country. The president then has to prove why their decision to send troops to foreign nations is justified. Even if citizens do not agree with him, as immense as he proves that he is stressful to cherish the nation, he is able to engage in the conflict. One of the most recent displays of taking advantage of executive power is when the Bush administration sent troops to Afghanistan to fight the War on Terror.President Bush had told the citizens of the United states that there was scruple that Afghanistan had weapons of mass destruction which justified him to send troops to check out the seat. According to Jules Lobel in the article Conflicts between the Commander in Chief and Congress President Bush had the right to not only regulate and direct troops but also hold enemy combatants against their leadfor interrogation (2008, p.392). This was a nice way of letting citizens know that the Bush administration was willing to do anything, even bedevilment to retrieve information from individuals who they suspected knew something.The administration also felt that it was demand to sustain wiretapping peoples phones in order to protect citizens. This sicken a drove of citizens that felt like their privacy was being violated, and the government was over stepping its boundaries. It is true that during times of war or conflict the president has the power as commander in chief to take prerequisite actions in order to save the country safe, but in some circumstances that power is over used and can almost buzz off an rationalize to carry out laws and regulations without the approval of congress. This power has proven that there needs to be some limitations on what the president can or can not do during times of conflict.Another power which has shown throughout history to be abused by the president is executive privilege. This is the abilit y for the president to deduce information that they feel is necessary to keep secret for the good of the man. This is a useful tool to the president and it can be used to keep the public from panicking in times of crises, and also to protect citizens from criminals who are try to receive information. It can also be used to go on legislative oversight on foreign policy, so that the president can stand by with other nations as he pleases. It is necessary to justify the use of executive privilege, and there have been several circumstances where there was no proof to explain the action. The most controversial issue in our Nations history is when President Nixon try to use executive privilege to skip up the Watergate scandalization.He tried to withhold information from congress to protect him, as well as his constituents from getting in trouble. He could not explain the need for secrecy of the situation. Mark Rozell explains in his book executive privilege that confidentiality was the vehicle for the shroud of the criminal acts and conspiracies by his aides (2002, p.53). It also explains in the book how Nixon attempted to embroider executive privilege to all executive branch officials (2002, p.65). If this were to happen then the executive branch would without a doubt be suffice the most powerful branch of government because they could use executive privilege to trump almostanything. The Watergate scandal had truly made citizens question the reliability and honesty of the federal official government. This was the first time in American History where the president attempted to stratagem the system solely for his own benefit. The reprehension rating of the national government at the time directly after the scandal had dropped dramatically, and legislators began to think how to limit executive powers of the president, but would not be able to affectively come up with a solution. The Clinton administration also refused to release to congressional investigato rs that the White signaling deemed subject to executive privilege(Rozel 2002,p. 124).He was trying to cover up his ain affairs so that he would not look bad in the nations eyes, and although the court claimed that this use of executive privilege was improper, and he was impeached, he serene remained to be in office. The power to interpret the power of executive privilege has apparently gotten out of hand and there are some individuals who believe the power to interpret the law, including the Constitution, is like any other power too important to vest in a single set of custody (Paulsen 1994, p. 222). This is a power of the government that continues to be abused by the president and congress has tried to figure out a way to control this power, but has remained unsuccessful. Citizens whitethorn wonder why the other two branches are hesitant about constricting the presidents power to use executive privilege. One of the reasons is because as Lobel states The primitive c oncern w ith congressional interference with the Presidents Commander in Chief power over warfare typically focuses on detailed congressional micromanagement of the conduct of war (2008, p. 401).It is an issue to take absent the executive power of the president particularly as commander in chief, because although congress king make a more affective decision to a situation in times of crises, the time it would take for senators and house representatives to agree on what to do would be too costly and incidentally that it would hardly be effective. Congress is just too big to come to a fast conclusion that the majority agrees upon. There have been several presidents, including Franklin Delanore Roosevelt, who used executive power to change policy that actually made a positive discrepancy in society. Roosevelt portrayed his use of executive power when he made the fresh Deal.The executive power is an important portion in the political process but Its primary concern is what Professors Bradl ey and Goldsmith call ExecutiveBranch unilateralism, a concern that Presidents acting on their own might make unsound decisions, engaging in too much (or too little) military action, intruding on liberties too much (or too little)(Tushnet, 2005, p. 2674). Presidents have a lot of power, and they can choose to make decisions that are for the well-being of our country, but the decisions that they make on their own needs to be limited so that they do not make a decision that is unconstitutional or morally wrong.There have been many instances in our nations history where presidents have abused their power to implement their views on policer war, or to protect themselves. well-nigh presidents have used their executive power to change America for the better, but recently this power is interpreted in such ways that can make the president more powerful than the other branches of government, especially during times of war or when there is a conflict on policy. Citizens should be able to d ecide whether the country should go to war or not, instead of expedition that extremely dangerous power into the hands of one man.Yes it is true citizens elect the president but they can not classify how they are going to act once in office. Presidents use strategies to get elected so that once they are in office they can do what they actually believe should be done. There have been several attempted scandals and cover-ups from former presidents to keep them from getting in trouble and the executive power still remains to be misused. The president is the leader of the nation, and should act on behalf of all people, not just on behalf of himself and his constituents. The powers of the president need to be limited even more especially during times of crisis, so that there is not too much power placed in one pair of hands, and so that the views of all citizens can be heard.